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- $Unique_ID{BRK04249}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Syringobulbia}
- $Subject{Syringobulbia Syringomyelia Amyloid Neuropathy Arnold-Chiari Syndrome
- }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 382:
- Syringobulbia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Syringobulbia) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS section to find other
- disorders covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related Disorders
- section of this report:
-
- Syringomyelia
- Amyloid Neuropathy
- Arnold-Chiari Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Syringobulbia is a neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-filled
- cavity (syrinx) within the brain stem. The cavity is a congenital lesion,
- but for unknown reasons it often expands during adolescence or the young
- adult years. Syringobulbia usually occurs as a slitlike gap within the
- lower brainstem that may affect the lower cranial nerves including sensory
- and motor nerve pathways by disruption or compression.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Syringobulbia may cause dizziness (vertigo), involuntary rapid movement of
- the eyeball (nystagmus), and loss of feelings of pain and temperature in the
- face. Atrophy and small local involuntary contractions (fibrillation) of the
- tongue muscle may also occur, as well as stuttering (dysphonia), and a shrill
- or harsh voice.
-
- Syringobulbia is a slowly progressive disorder. Porous bones
- (osteoporosis) may occur in long-standing cases.
-
- Causes
-
- Syringobulbia is most often a congenital disorder of unknown cause. In some
- cases the disorder may be inherited, but the mode of transmission is unknown.
-
- The disorder may be associated with an excess of a type of nerve cells
- that constitute the white matter of the brain (astrocytes) in damaged areas
- of the central nervous system, or the formation of cavities in the brainstem.
- Frequently, there is an association with an exposed spinal cord (spina
- bifida), an extra rib arising from a neck vertebra (cervical rib), or
- asymmetry of the skull.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Syringobulbia can affect persons of either sex. It usually occurs before 30
- years of age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Syringomyelia is a neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-filled
- cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord. The cavity is a congenital lesion,
- but for unknown reasons it often expands during adolescence or the young
- adult years. The syrinx is situated near the middle of the spine. It
- usually begins in the neck (cervical) area, but may extend virtually along
- its whole length. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Syringomyelia" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Amyloid Neuropathy is a hereditary disorder in which an abnormal
- glycoprotein, called amyloid, accumulates in the nervous system in amounts
- sufficient to impair its function. It often affects the elderly. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Amyloidosis" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database.)
-
- The Arnold-Chiari Syndrome is characterized by a displacement of the
- brainstem into the spinal cord. Infants with the disorder may exhibit
- symptoms such as vomiting, mental impairment, and weakness. There may
- possibly be paralysis of the extremities. The Arnold-Chiari Syndrome usually
- appears in a milder form in adolescents. Swelling of the optic nerve region
- (papilledema), nystagmus, ataxia, transient abnormal sensations
- (paresthesias) and paralysis affecting the eyes or lower cranial nerves may
- also occur. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Arnold-Chiari"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Neoplasms and vascular malformations in the brainstem may also cause
- neurological symptoms similar to those of Syringobulbia.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- An accurate diagnosis of Syringobulbia can be arrived at by using
- myelography, as well as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Intraoperative
- Sonography has been used during surgery to evaluate the effectiveness of the
- procedure as it is being performed.
-
- Other treatment of Syringobulbia is symptomatic and supportive.
- Radiation has not proven to be of any benefit in treatment of this disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Plugging of the obex at the lower end of the fourth ventricle of the brain
- has been advocated by some for treatment of Syringobulbia, but the effects of
- this surgical procedure are hard to evaluate, since the natural course of the
- disorder is variable. Consideration of such radical experimental surgery
- should be carefully made.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Syringobulbia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- Spinal Cord Injury
- 2201 Argonne Drive
- Baltimore, MD 21218
- 24-Hour Hotline, 1-800-526-3456
- In Maryland, 1-800-638-1733
-
- American Spinal Injury Association
- 250 E. Superior Street, Room 619
- Chicago, IL 60611
- (312) 649-3425
-
- National Spinal Cord Injury Association
- 600 W. Cummings Park
- Woburn, MA 01801
-
- References
-
- SYRINGOBULBIA AS A CAUSE OF LARYNGEAL STRIDOR IN CHILDHOOD: H. Alcala, et.
- al.; Neurology (NY) (September 1975: issue 25,9). Pp. 875-878.
-
- INFANTILE HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME, NEURENTERIC CYST, AND SYRINGOBULBIA:
- H.D. Chung, et. al.; Neurology (NY) (April 1982: issue 32,4). Pp. 441-444.
-
-